Quetzalcoatl Element Analysis

 
  Thematic clusters of elements from the Quetzalcoatl material

   

Introductory Note: These are organizational notes that attempt to collect the variants of the Quetzalcoatl material into elements. The idea is to collect information that collects around these themes to see if the variations can be made to make sense in the context of a limited thematic element. For an example of the analysis to come from this, see my paper on Quetzalcoatl's Fathers on this web site.

My progress on developing an analysis of these data is so slow that I have decided to post the notes for the benefit of any who might be able to use the information. Most of the sources are listed on the Annotated Bibliography which is also on this site. For those not familiar with these sources, please note that Torquemada is frequently citing Sahagun, so the presence of both of those sources for an element does not necessarily indicate multiple attestations.

Abbreviations: HMP is the "Historia de los Mexicanos por sus pinturas." Histoire is "Histoire du Mechique." Leyenda is "Leyenda de los Soles." I think the rest will be identifiable with the Bibliography.

  1. Name and Epithets
    1. Calendrical Dates
      1. Ce Acatl
      2. Anales p. 7 (name)
      3. Leyenda p. 124 (name)
      4. Anales p. 7 (date of birth)
      5. Codice Rios 3:36 (date of birth)
    2. Chicunahui Ehecatl
      1. Telleriano Remensis 1:180 (date of birth). This is the date for the Celestial god, not the terrestrial.
      2. Histoire p. 110 gives a deity named chicunahui ehecatl, but does not specifically relate him to Quetzalcoatl.
    3. Names
      1. Ce Acatl:
        1. Leyenda p. 124
        2. Anales p. 7
      2. Quetzalcoatl
        1. Anales p. 7
        2. Ixtlilxochitl 1:43
        3. Chimalpahin (K) p. 411
        4. Sahagun F. 1:9
        5. Torquemada 1:209
        6. HMP p. 23
        7. Histoire p. 105
        8. Codice Rios 1:28
        9. Telleriano Remensis 1:180
        10. Tratado de los Dioses p. 121
        11. Motolinia p. 70
      3. Topiltzin
        1. Anales p. 7
        2. Ixtlilxochitl 1:43
        3. Chimalpahin (K) p. 411
        4. Duran 1:9
        5. Juan Cano relations (R de G p. 255 and O de M p. 287)
        6. Codice Rios 1:28
        7. Chimalpahin p. 52
        8. Torquemada 1:254
        9. Codex Telleriano Rememsis 1:196
        10. Dirge 3:1
        11. Motolinia p. 60
      4. Compound Names
        1. Topiltzin Ce Acatl Quetzalcoatl. Anales p. 7
        2. Topiltzin Acxitl Quetzalcoatl. Chimalpahin (K) p. 411, Chimalpahin p. 62
        3. Quetzalcoatlatopiltzin. Codice Rios 3:38
        4. Quetzalcoatl Nacxitl Tepeuhqui. Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca p. 76-77.
      5. Names or epithets linked to Quetzalcoatl
        1. Papa. Duran 1:9
        2. Huemac. Ixtlilxochitl 1:20. This is the only direct link. The two are often confused in their legends however.
        3. Youalli Ehecatl. HMP p. 23
        4. Yacatecutli. Tratado de los Dioses p. 121
        5. Oztomecatl. Garibay 20, p. 170. The link is not direct, but is derived from a line of reasoning.
        6. Amimitl. Tratado de los dioses p. 121.
      6. Variations
        1. Motolinia p. 709 indicates that Tlaxcala, Huexotzinco and Cholula have the same god, but he is called Camaxtle in Tlaxcala, Quetzalcoatl in Cholula, and also Mixcoatl.
  2. Parents of Quetzalcoatl
    1. Father
      1. Tonacatecuhtli
      2. HMP p. 23
      3. Telleriano Remensis 1:180
      4. 3. Codice Rios 3:50 (with a written note "Citinatonali")
    2. Mixcoatl-Camaxtle
      1. Munoz Camargo Nicholson p. 121
      2. Leyenda p. 124
      3. Motolinia p. 17
      4. Mendieta p. 146
    3. Totepeuh
      1. Standard accounts
        1. Anales p. 7
        2. Torquemada 1:254 (son is not clear, Topil is next in line)
        3. Juan Cano Relations (R de G. P. 265, O de M p. 287)
      2. Variant texts
        1. Ixtlilxochitl 1:70 gives Totepeuh as the fourth ruler of Tula and Topiltzin as the ninth.
        2. Chimalpahin (Nicholson p. 191) gives Huemac as the son of Totepeuh.
    4. Accounts of Ixtlilxochitl
      1. Ixtlilxochitl 2:31 has Topiltzin born of an adulterous relation between Papantzin and Quetzalxochitzin (AD 882)
      2. Ixtlilxochitl (....) Apparently the same account as the mother is the same, but the date is 937 AD.
    5. Mother of Quetzalcoatl
      1. Chimalman
        1. Anales p. 7 (Totepeuh father)
        2. Leyenda p. 124 (Mixcoatl)
        3. Histoire p. 112 (Camaxtle)
        4. Telleriano Rememsis 1:180 (no father here, Tonacatecutli later)
        5. Torquemada 2:80 (Camaxtle)
        6. Motolinia p. 12 (Iztacmixcoatl)
        7. Mendieta 45, 1:88-89 (Camaxtle)
      2. "Una parienta de Tezcatlipuca" HMP (Camaxtle)
      3. Coatlicue
        1. Munoz Camargo p. 40
        2. Anales p. 10 (comes from a ritual passage - Anales Q. Calls Coatlicue his mother - probably semantic kin term) N.B. Coatlicue plays the same role as Chimalman in the Huitzilopochtli legend.
      4. Cihuacoatl
        1. Relacion de Ahuatla y su Partido. Nicholson p. 141. N.B. Cihuacoatl may simply be a substitution of elements, since Cihuacoatl does appear in the Quetzalcoatl story as his grandmother in the Leyenda p. 124.
      5. Atlalicue, Citlalicue
        1. Histoire p. 110 (mother of 9 Wind)
        2. Telleriano Rememsis 1:180
        3. Codice Rios 3:50
      6. Quetzalxochitzin. Ixtlilxochitl 1:43
      7. Chalchiuhcueye.
        1. Garibay, Hist. 2:317-8. See also Sahagun 20 p. 131 where newborns' "mother" is Chalchiuhcueye.
  3. Origin of Quetzalcoatl
    1. Birth
      1. Aparthenogenesis
        1. Chimalman swallowed a chalchiuhuitl.
          1. Torquemada 2:80.
          2. Anales p. 7
          3. Nicholson p. 128 from a letter of Mendoza. A virgin in the temple puts a feather in her breast, dreamed Orchilobos slept with her - bore Guatezuma - she was exiled but prophesied her son would be king.
          4. Coatlicue was seeping in the temple and put a pelotilla de pluma en el seno junto a la barriga... gives birth to Huitzilopochtli. Sahagun, Garibay 1:271.
        2. Engendered by a breath of air.
          1. Telleriano Remensis 1:50
          2. Codice Rios 3:180
          3. Both deal with Ehecatl-Q
      2. Fathered
        1. Leyenda p. 124
        2. Munoz Camargo (Nicholson 121)
        3. Ixtlilxochitl 2:31
      3. Quetzalcoatl comes from another place already grown
        1. Panuco
          1. Torquemada 1:154-55
          2. Munoz Camargo (Nicholson p. 121)
          3. Chimapahin (K) p. 415
          4. Duran 1:10
          5. Letter for Mendoz Nicholson p. 128
          6. Chimalpahin (Nicholson p. 191) indicates that "some say he came from elsewhere"
          7. Mendieta p. 92 says that Q came to Cholula from Yucatan.
          8. O de M p. 288 "otros dicen que ya habia poblacion en Tula... e piensen que es el Topilce delos Mexicanos que vinieron a la postre".
  4. Quetzalcoatl's Youth
    1. Death of his father
      1. Quetzalcoatl is given to his grandparents t raise upon the death of his mother.
        1. Histoire p. 112
        2. Leyenda p. 124 (which gives the names of the grandparents as Quillaxtli, Chihuacohuatl)
        3. Mendieta p. 7 indicates that Quetzalcoatl's grandparents are Oxomoco and Cipactonal.
      2. After he is grown he is returned to his father
        1. Histoire p. 112
        2. Leyenda p. 124 "ya algo crecido acompano a su padre conquistando"
      3. Quetzalcoatl's brothers are jealous of him due to the great love his father has for him, so they plot to kill him
        1. Histoire p. 112
        2. There may be reference to this in Mendieta 45 1:89 where he indicates that there were five sons of Camaxtle and Chimalman of whom a long story is told.
        3. They try to kill him at Tlachinoltepec que quiere decir "pena donde se hace arder" but Q enters a hole and the brothers left.
          1. Histoire p. 112
        4. 5. Quetzalcoatl kills an animal (which was the ruse used to get him to the mountain) and arrives even before his brothers to his father
          1. Histoire p. 112
        5. The brothers have Q climb a tree where they shoot arrows at him, and he pretends to be dead. He shoots a rabbit and arrives at the father before the brothers
          1. Histoire p. 112
      4. The murder of the father
        1. The father questions the brothers why they want to kill Q so they kill the father, llevandolo a una montana.
          1. Histoire p. 112
        2. The mixcohua, uncles of Ce Acatl hate his father and kill him, burying him in Xaltocan.
          1. Leyenda p. 125
          2. Juan Cano (R de G. P. 265 and O de M. P. 287).
          3. In the Leyenda, the uncles are Apanecatl, Colton, and Cuilton. Leynda p. 125
          4. In the Juan Cano Realtions the cunado is Atepanecate (R de G p. 265, or Apanecatlh (O de M p. 287).
        3. The cunado of the father kills him so he could ascend the throne
      5. Quetzalcoatl seeks the bones of his father and digs them up.
        1. Leyenda p. 124
        2. Anales p. 7
        3. Juan Cano (R de G. P. 265, O de M p. 287)
      6. Revenge of Quetzalcoatl
        1. The uncles who killed his father ask what the sacrifice will be to dedicate the temple. If it is only a rabbit, snake they will be angry. They suggest an eagle, an ocelot and a wolf (coyote) Leyenda p. 125
        2. Quetzalcoatl calls the eagle, ocelot and coyote (whom he calls uncles) and in vain ties their neck, then calls moles (?) and they make a hole in the temple into which Quetzalcoatl enters [Leyenda p. 125] Note the similarity of themes in this entrance and the one made in the Histoire.
        3. Quetzalcoatl goes to the top of the temple. The uncles come up to light the fire but Quetzalcoatl does it first. The uncles are angry and begin to leave. Leyenda p. 125
        4. Apanecatl is pushed down the stairs
          1. Juan Cano (R de G p. 265, O de M p. 287).
          2. Q kills Apanecatl first, then he falls down the stairs. Leyenda p. 125.
          3. Q sacrifices the other two uncles. Leyenda p. 125
  5. Quetzalcoatl and the Glory of Tula
    1. Glory and Wealth
      1. Before Quetzalcoatl the people couldn't make mantas for houses and ate only birds, snakes, rabbit and deer. Anales p. 7
      2. Inventions
        1. General. Quetzalcoatl as a culture hero:
          1. Sahagun
          2. Duran
          3. Torquemada
        2. Invention of the Calendar
          1. Mendieta (with Oxomoco and Cipactonal
        3. Arts and Industry
          1. Sahagun 1:13
          2. Torquemada 1:255
          3. Las Casas
        4. Wealth and plenty
          1. Lacked nothing
            1. Codice Rios
            2. Sahagun F. 1:14
            3. Torquemada 2:48
          2. Corn
            1. huge ears
              1. Sahagun 1:14
              2. Torquemada
            2. small ears of no use, burned for fuel for the sweat baths
              1. Sahagun 1:14
            3. abundance of corn
              1. Torquemada 2:49
              2. Codice Rios 3:28
            4. Squash was large
              1. Sahagun 1:14
              2. Torquemada 2:49
          3. Riches
            1. Sahagun 1:14
            2. Anales p. 8
            3. Torquemada 2:49
  6. Appearance of Quetzalcoatl at Tula
    1. Non-human
      1. Monstrous or ugly
        1. Anales p. 8-9
        2. Sahagun F. 1:13
        3. Torquemada 2:52
      2. Quetzalcoatl is a recluse
        1. Anales p. 8-9
        2. Duran 1:9
      3. Saintly
        1. Robed
          1. Robes to feet
            1. Cervantes de Salazar p. 293
            2. Ixtlilxochitl 1:20
          2. White robes
            1. Cervantes de Salazar p. 293
            2. Tapia (Nicholson p. 128)
            3. Veytia
            4. Las Casas (robes of Q's priests white with black flowers)
          3. Black robes
            1. Torquemada 1:254-5
          4. Red crosses on robes
            1. Cervantes de Salazar p. 293
            2. Ixtlilxochitl 1:20
            3. Tapia
            4. Note Las Casas above - likely the same visual referent.
        2. White and bearded
          1. White
            1. Ixtlilxochitl 1:20
            2. Torquemada 1:256
            3. Las Casas
            4. Veytia
            5. Mendieta
          2. Bearded
            1. Black beard
              1. Torquemada 2:48
            2. Barba entrecana y roja
              1. Duran 1:9
            3. bearded
              1. Ixtlilxochitl 1:20
              2. Las Casas
              3. Mendieta
              4. Sahagun 1:13
            4. feather beard: Anales p. 9
          3. Long hair
            1. Duran 1:9
            2. Torquemada
            3. Las Casas
            4. Mendieta
          4. Friar like
            1. Specifically mentioned as like friars
              1. Torquemada 1:254-5
              2. Tapia
            2. Descalzo
              1. Veytia
  7. Quetzalcoatl as a Priest Associated with Tula
    1. Virgin or not married
      1. Standard accounts
        1. Cervantes de Salazar p. 293
        2. Histoire p. 115
        3. Las Casas
        4. Mendieta
        5. Motolinia p. 12
        6. Duran 1:9 (vivia castamente)
      2. Variation: Quetzalcoatl as a father. Ixtlilxochitl.
    2. Penitent
      1. General
        1. Cervantes p. 293
        2. Sahagun F. 1:147
        3. Torquemada
        4. Motolinia p. 12
        5. Duran
        6. Veytia
        7. Mendieta
        8. Telleriano Remensis 1:180
      2. Instituted blood-letting
        1. Cervantes p. 293
        2. Sahagun 1:316
        3. Torquemada
        4. Motolinia
        5. Duran
        6. Histoire
        7. Codice Rios
        8. Veytia
        9. Mendieta
      3. Washed at midnight
        1. Sahagun
        2. Torquemada 2:49 (both at Xippacoyan)
        3. Anales
      4. Sleeps at the altar in the temple
        1. Duran 1:9
    3. Teachings
      1. On human sacrifice
        1. Sources explicitly stating that he refused human sacrifice
          1. Cervantes p. 293
          2. Anales
          3. Juan Cano (r de G p. 265, O de M p. 288)
          4. Tapia
          5. Torquemada
          6. Las Casas
          7. Mendieta
          8. Veytia
        2. Implicit human sacrifices performed by Quetzalcoatl
          1. Pomar
          2. Anales (started by Huemac)
          3. Ahuatlan
          4. Leyenda
          5. Histoire
    4. Virtuous
      1. Ixtlilxochitl 1:20
      2. Motolinia
      3. Veytia
    5. Teaching of one god
      1. Only one god taught in Tula
        1. Sahagun F. 1:13
        2. Sahagun 10:169 (begins by saying that Ometecuhtli and Omecihuatl were worshiped but later indicates that Q was the only god..)
        3. Veytia
      2. Many gods at Tula
        1. Anales p. 8
        2. Juan Cano (R de G, O de M)
    6. Miscellaneous
      1. No war
        1. Mendieta
      2. Gold thrown in fire
        1. Codice Rios 3:28. See a similar theme after the destruction of Tula.
  8. Quetzalcoatl as a King in Tula
    1. General accounts where Quetzalcoatl is clearly the ruler
      1. Dirge
      2. Anales p. 7
      3. Ixtlilxochitl
      4. Chimalpahin
      5. Sahagun
      6. Histoire
      7. Juan Cano
    2. Makes laws which people come to hear
      1. Sahagun F. 1:14
    3. Political expansion under Quetzalcoatl
      1. Chimalpahin p. 62
      2. Torquemada 1:254 (Topil is succeeded by Huemac who expands the reino).
    4. Vacancy after Quetzalcoatl for a period of time
      1. Chimalpahin p. 122 (100 years no one reigned)
      2. Leyenda p. 125 ( no one left at Tula
      3. Juan Cano (R de G only p. 167 - without ruler for 96 years)
  9. Fall of Quetzalcoatl and Tula
    1. Quetzalcoatl's personal fall
      1. Due to refusal to commit human sacrifices
        1. Anales p. 8, 14
        2. Juan Cano (R de G p. 266-7)
      2. By Tezcatlipoca (and Ihuimecatl, toltecatl???)
        1. Anales p. 8
        2. Sahagun 1:15
        3. Duran 1:11
        4. Torquemada
        5. Histoire
      3. Pulque
        1. Anales
        2. Sahagun 1:15
        3. Torquemada
        4. Interestingly, pulque is invented by Tezcatlipoca or Camaxtle)
      4. Doble espejo
        1. Anales
        2. Histoire
      5. Show body, ugly and old
        1. Anales
        2. Torquemada
      6. Sister comes
        1. Anales
        2. Commits sin: Ixtlilxochitl 1:47
        3. Chimalpahin (sins of Tula)
        4. Adultery: Torquemada 1:255
      7. Leaves in shame
        1. Anales
      8. Forced out
        1. Torquemada 1:256 (by Huemac)
        2. Duran
      9. Quetzalcoatl is ill
        1. Sahagun
        2. Torquemada
      10. Cause is desire for immortality
        1. Torquemada
      11. Tezcatlipoca and tiger
        1. Torquemada 2:78
        2. Histoire
      12. War
        1. Duran 1:11
        2. Ixtlilxochitl 1:51
        3. Chimalpahin (K) p. 411
      13. Tezcatlipoca enters as old man
        1. Histoire
        2. Torquemada
        3. Sahagun
  10. Fall of Tula
    1. Blond white child whose head rots
      1. Ixtlilxochitl 1:49 (die of bad air - justifies the sacrifice of white children)
      2. N.B. the sacrifice of white children likely a very different reason. Tied to Q and dwarfs????
    2. War
      1. Ixtlilxochitl
      2. Chimalpahin (K) p. 411
      3. Juan Cano (R de G p. 167)
    3. Monster comes
      1. Ixtlilxochitl
      2. Leyenda p. 125
      3. Codice Rios 3:22
    4. Ball game
      1. Leyenda p. 125 (Huemac and the Tlaloques)
      2. Torquemada 2:49. Tezcatlipoca and tiger at ball game.
    5. Huemac at Fall
      1. Juan Cano
      2. Leyenda p. 125
      3. Huemac hangs himself
        1. Juan Cano (R de G p. 167)
    6. Mountains
      1. Codice Rios (fantasma in mountains)
      2. Sahagun (servants in mountains)
      3. Juan Cano (Huemac in mountains)
    7. Omens of the Fall
      1. Caused by sins
          1. Chimalpahin p. 61-61
      2. Hiding the Wealth
        1. Burned houses and gold
          1. Sahagun 1:31
          2. Torquemada 2:49
        2. Buried things in hills
          1. Torquemada 2:49
        3. Birds leave
          1. Sahagun 1:31
          2. Torquemada 2:49
        4. Cacao to mesquite
          1. Sahagun 1:31
          2. Torquemada 2:49
          3. Hiding the wealth - general
            1. Anales
            2. Tolteca-Chichimeca (See Mexica-Panuco myth)
    8. Variants
      1. Duran 1:14 (Indian informant.) Hueymac is asked to marry. Quetzalcaotl and Tezcatlipoca persecute him. The arrange to have xochiquestzal (a known harlot) in his cell when he returns. Q left for shame.
  11. Exodus from Tula
    1. Basic Journey
      1. Dirge 3:1-2: Journey through Cholula Poyauhtecatl and Acala
      2. Anales p. 11 (Anales p. 7 - mentions that he goes to Cuextlan, but not part of journey proper)
      3. Motolinia: p. 83: Q leaves Tula to build Tlaxcala Huexcotzinco and Cholula - disappeared at Coatzacoalco
      4. Duran
      5. Mendieta
      6. Oviedo
      7. Chimalpahin
      8. Codice Rios "takes gente inocente and ninos and goes poblando.
      9. Mendieta 45, 1:92: leaves Tula,goes to Tlaxcala, Huexotzinco and Cholula - then to Huazacoalco where he disappeared.
      10. Sahagun 1:33: Temacpulco, Tepanoayan, Coaapan (cozcaapan) Cochtocan
      11. Torquemada 2:50: Quahtitlan (Huehuecuahtitlan) arrives at Cholula where is accepted as god.
      12. Histoire p. 115 Tenayuca, Culhuacan Cuauhquecholan Cholula Cempoala.
    2. Magical elements
      1. Slid down mountain. Sahagun 1:35
      2. Planted maguey. Sahagun 1:35
      3. Made ball court. Sahagun 1:35
      4. Shot ceiba tree. Sahagun 1:35
      5. Built underground house at Mictlan. Sahagun 1:35
      6. Rock sways, not fall. Sahagun 1:35
      7. Leave sign in rock
        1. Sahagun 1:33, 1:31-32
        2. Torquemada 2:50
        3. Ixtlilxochitl - called Huemac because... 1:20
      8. Left trail of crosses in rock
        1. Duran 1:12
      9. Tears make hole in rock. Sahagun 1:31-32
        1. Coatepec-Chalco
    3. Name mountains.
      1. Sahagun 1:35
      2. Duran (goes naming everyplace)1:12
    4. Makes bridge. Sahagun 1:33
    5. Jewels in river
      1. Sahagun 1:33
      2. Torquemada 2:50
    6. Tempted to drink wine therefore name (thunder)
      1. Sahagun 1:33
    7. Stones in tree.
      1. Sahagun 1:31
      2. Torquemada
    8. Made to leave arts
      1. Torquemada
      2. Sahagun
    9. Mountain opens and enters
      1. Duran
      2. Sahagun
      3. Codice Rios 3:34
      4. Possibly Histoire
    10. Populate as go
      1. Histoire
      2. Codice Rios
    11. Transformed to stone
      1. Coatepec-Chalco
      2. Codice Rios
      3. See also Huemac
    12. Mirror
      1. Torquemada
      2. Sahagun
    13. Goes to Cholula
      1. Histoire p. 38
      2. Torquemada 1:255 Q sends colonies form Cholulla
    14. Goes to Tlapallan
      1. Leyenda p. 125
    15. Variant
      1. Journey to Tula
        1. R de G p. 265
  12. Voice on the Mountain
    1. Voice on a mountain
      1. "Ponenle este nombre ce acatl de tiguere a la tierra, por ser el tiguere el animal mas bravo; a aquel retunbido que dan las vozes en los cerros dicen que quedo del dilu[vio]" Telleriano Remensis 1:186
      2. Demonio makes loud noises (Quetzalcoatl) Coatepec-Chalco (Nicholson p. 140)
      3. Tzatzitepetl
      4. All could hear from there (reports that Sahagun heard it)
        1. Torquemada 2:48
      5. Quetzalcoatl and apostles preach from a mountain and are heard for 2 or 3 leguas
        1. Duran 1:10
      6. Totec preaches from the "montana que habla" Totec preaches there with shouts that are heard in the city.
        1. Codice Rios 3:30
      7. Sahagun crier stationed there, heard everywhere
  13. Quetzalcoatl and Servants
    1. Great runners
      1. Sahagun 1:13
      2. Torquemada 2:48
    2. Dwarfs and hunchbacks
      1. Sahagun 1:35
  14. Death and Apotheosis
    1. Dies - not mystical
      1. Telleriano-Remensis
      2. Leyenda p. 125
      3. Histoire p. 38
      4. Juan Cano (R de G p. 267)
    2. At water
      1. Anales p. 11
      2. Tezozomoc, Mexicana p. 170
    3. Immolation
      1. Anales p. 11
    4. Cremation
      1. Leyenda p. 125
      2. Torquemada 2:79
      3. Histoire p. 115
    5. Birds appear at burning
      1. Anales p. 11
    6. Heart goes to heavens
      1. Anales p. 11
    7. Venus
      1. Anales p. 11
      2. Torquemada. Not only venus, but a comet, which brings pestilence. 2:80.
      3. Motolinia p. 60
      4. Histoire p. 115
      5. Codice Rios 3:96
      6. Las Casas
      7. Arrows for ill
        1. Anales p. 11
        2. See Leyenda p. 122 for Tlalhuizcalpantecutli and arrows
    8. 4 days in Mictlan
      1. Anales p. 11
    9. Raft of serpents
      1. Sahagun 1:36
      2. Duran - mantle on water
    10. Ocean opens. Duran
    11. Open mountain and enter. Duran 1:12 (see journey)
    12. Shoots arrow at tree and enters. Historie p. 115 (see journey).
    13. Sea in teuatl and Ilhuicatl "hence the called it water which reaches the heavens. Sahagun F 11:246.
    14. Date of death
      1. Anales p. 8 Relacion de Tetzcoco that died 2 Acatl
      2. Anales p. 1 dies 1 Acatl
    15. Coatzcoalcos location of disappearance
      1. Ixtlilxochitl 1:20. Disappears in oriente, Coatzacoalco
      2. Mendieta p. 86. Leaves at Coatzacoalco.
  15. Myth of the Return
    1. Ixtlilxochitl 1:20: Q leaves when doctrine not accepted - would come in year Ce Acatl.
    2. Chimalpahin (K) p. 418: Q back to rule
    3. Tezozomoc, Mexicana p. 520.
    4. Torquemada 1:380: Q promise to return to Cholulla for vengeance... 4 men sent from edge of sea to give prophecy that hombres blancos would come... (Las Casas similar, Mendieta)
    5. Motolinia p. 83: await return
    6. Duran 1:11-12: Topiltzin predicts gente extrana to make them pay.
    7. Duran 2:507. Q return for gold and silver
    8. Codice Rios: come in due time.
    9. Chimalpahin p. 62 Said come to reestablish kingdom (relates to Cortes)
    10. Veytia: prophesies the downfall of Cholula and the coming of white bearded men to populate the land.
    11. Acosta p. 361 Venia gente extrana a poseer aquel reino
    12. Mendieta 45, 1:39: people to come - barbudo and covered with cloth - to destroy their religion - enacted in song and dance.
    13. Mendieta 45, 1:92 siempre lo esperaba que habia de volver
    14. Las Casas 1:646 white bearded men would come.
  16. Quetzalcoatl Miscellany
    1. People on the road playing flutes
      1. Torquemada 2:50
    2. Huemac
      1. Cuauhtitlan p. 12 at end of Tula - a Priestof Quetzalcoatl, Tetzcatlipoca and another trick Huemac. Commited adultery andso ceased to be a priest of Q.
      2. Torquemada 1:254. Huemac succeeds Topil on throne "se hizo adorar" left Tula "a ensenchar su reino"
      3. 1:256. Huemac chases q to Cholula destroying as he goes. Quetzalcoatl leaves Cholula.
      4. Leyenda de los Soles. No one in Tollan. Se hizo rey Hucmac
      5. Juan Cano (R de G 167, O de M. P. 289) rules in Tula 96 years after Topiltzin. Scared by fantasma. Goes to Chapultepec where se ahorca.
      6. Tolteca-Chichimeca. Nicholson p. 134. Fall of Tula due to Huemac
      7. Chimapahin. Nich. P. 191-192. Huemac rules just before Q at Tollan.
      8. Hueymac chases Q (given as a variant which Chimalpahin prefers), Hueymac enters "Cincalco Chapultepec" and disappears.
    3. Duran 1:11: Q is used as origin of inexplicable.
    4. Duran 1:11: gets Moses and Red Sea
    5. Duran1:14 one man's abbreviated legend. Especially the part "Aqui me dijo algunas cosas fabulosas...
    6. Duran 1:61 Q is the god of merchants at Cholula. On p. 62 Paragraph 5 the idol has the bird mask.
    7. Duran 2:507. When Duran tells of the entry of the Spaniards, Q and T are the same person.
    8. HMP
      1. P. 23: Tlatlauhqui Tezcatlipoca (not Q's nemesis) is called camaxtle in Huexotzinco
      2. P. 30-31 Q knocks Tezcatlipoca from the sky who then becomes a tigre
      3. P. 33 Tezcatlipoca becomes Mixcoatl.
    9. Histoire
      1. P. 105 Q in Mictlan (ref to legend of Venus)
      2. P. 115 otros dicen que cuando...
    10. O de Mex
      1. P. 288: Otros dicen que ya habia poblacion en Tula...
    11. Letter of Mendoza Nich p. 128-132
      1. Seems to be a legend of the people fit into the Q pattern. It is early enough that it should be good info...
    12. Tolteca Chichimeca, Nich. P. 135
      1. Cholula an early shrine of Q - even before Toltec conquest. Name of Q-
      2. Topiltzin Nacxitl Totepeuy given for Q.
       
      by Brant Gardner. Copyright 1998